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HJRES 6119th CongressIn Committee

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to provide for balanced budgets for the Government.

Introduced: Jan 3, 2025
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

This bill proposes a constitutional amendment to require the United States government to balance its budget each year. The core rule in Section 1 says total government outlays for any fiscal year cannot exceed total receipts, unless both House of Congresses (in a rollcall vote) approve a specific excess through law by a two-thirds vote. Section 2 requires the President to submit a yearly budget that is balanced (outlays not to exceed receipts). The amendment allows waivers for certain crises (war, national emergency, natural disaster) via joint resolutions with a majority vote in each House. Section 6 allows Congress to define and enforce the amendment through legislation, potentially using budget estimates. Section 7 sets that the amendment takes effect in the fifth fiscal year after ratification, giving a transition period. In short, the bill would impose a legally binding ceiling on federal spending relative to revenue, with limited exceptions, and would tie the administration’s and Congress’s actions to a path toward a balanced federal budget over time.

Key Points

  • 1Core balanced-budget requirement: In any fiscal year, total government outlays cannot exceed total receipts unless both houses vote (by rollcall) to allow an excess via law, requiring a two-thirds vote in both chambers.
  • 2President’s budget obligation: Before each fiscal year, the President must propose a budget in which outlays do not exceed receipts.
  • 3Limited waivers for crises: The balanced-budget constraint can be waived for a year if there is a declaration of war, national emergency, or a natural disaster, each via joint resolution adopted by a majority of the whole number in each House and becoming law.
  • 4Enforcement and interpretation: Congress is charged with enforcing and implementing the amendment, with legislation that may rely on estimates of outlays and receipts.
  • 5Effective date and transition: The amendment would take effect starting with the fifth fiscal year after ratification, allowing time for adjustment.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected- Federal taxpayers and the overall federal budget: The rule directly limits annual spending to current year revenue, potentially influencing tax policy, entitlement programs, defense, and other spending decisions.Secondary group/area affected- Federal agencies, programs, and employees: Could face mandatory spending controls and require prioritization or reforms to fit the balanced-budget constraint.- States and local governments and their funding: Potential changes in federal funding levels or conditions, since many programs rely on ongoing federal support.Additional impacts- Economic and policy flexibility: In downturns or crises, the need for balanced budgets could constrain stimulus or emergency spending, unless waivers are used (and only with high-level congressional votes). This could affect countercyclical policy and crisis response.- Legal and political considerations: The exact definitions of “receipts” and “outlays,” and how estimates are used, could become important legal questions. The high threshold for waivers (two-thirds in both houses for the initial excess, and majority votes for waivers in crises) creates political dynamics around fiscal decisions.- Transition and debt implications: A long-run push toward balance might influence national debt levels, investment, and long-term fiscal sustainability, but the timing and depth depend on revenue performance and policy choices during the transition.Outlays: The government’s expenditures or spending in a given year.Receipts: The government’s total revenue in a given year (taxes and other income).Rollcall vote: A recorded vote in which each member’s vote is officially noted.Joint resolution: A measure used to propose or authorize something that must pass both Houses and be signed into law (or become law as stated by the Constitution).
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