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SJRES 2119th CongressIn Committee

A joint resolution proposing amendments to the Constitution of the United States relative to the line item veto, a limitation on the number of terms that a Member of Congress may serve, and requiring a vote of two-thirds of the membership of both Houses of Congress on any legislation raising or imposing new taxes or fees.

Introduced: Jan 8, 2025
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

This joint resolution proposes three constitutional amendments to be decided by state legislatures (3/4 ratification needed within seven years): - A line-item veto: It would give the President authority to reduce or disapprove specific appropriations in spending bills, with a process for reporting back to the House of origin and for Congress to consider the reduced appropriations separately. - Term limits for Members of Congress: It would cap service at 6 terms (12 years) for Representatives and 2 terms (12 years) for Senators, with rules for counting terms taken from vacancies and applying only to terms beginning after ratification. - A supermajority requirement for tax/fee legislation: Any legislation imposing or increasing taxes or fees would require at least a two-thirds vote in each House and must contain no other subject (single-subject rule). The amendments would take effect only after ratification by three-fourths of the states within seven years. The bill was introduced by Senator Rick Scott (FL).

Key Points

  • 1Line-item veto mechanism
  • 2- The President could reduce or disapprove specific appropriations in a bill or joint resolution presented for approval under Article I, Section 7.
  • 3- If the President signs after making such amendments, the bill becomes law as modified.
  • 4- If the President disapproves, within 10 days they must return the reduced portion and their objections to the originating House.
  • 5- Congress can separately consider the disapproved or reduced appropriation using the existing procedures for vetoed bills.
  • 6Congressional term limits
  • 7- House: No one may be elected to the House after serving 6 terms (12 years total). Vacancies count toward the term total if the vacancy lasts more than a year.
  • 8- Senate: No one may be elected or appointed to the Senate after serving 2 terms (12 years total). Vacancies count toward the term total if the vacancy lasts more than three years.
  • 9- Terms begun before ratification do not count toward these limits.
  • 10Tax/fee legislation requires a supermajority and single subject
  • 11- Any legislation imposing or authorizing a new tax or fee may pass the House only with at least a two-thirds vote and must contain no other subject.
  • 12- Any legislation raising a tax or fee (including rate increases or removing exemptions) must also pass with a two-thirds vote and be a single-subject bill.
  • 13Ratification process
  • 14- The proposed amendments would take effect only after three-fourths of the states ratify them within seven years of Congress submitting them.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected- Members of Congress (House and Senate), federal budget process, and executive branch (the President) due to the line-item veto proposal.Secondary group/area affected- Taxpayers and businesses (through potential changes in how taxes/fees are created or increased).- State legislatures (due to the requirement of ratification by state legislatures to take effect) and their budgeting processes.Additional impacts- Could change the balance of power between Congress and the President in funding decisions, and constrain revenue-raising efforts by requiring broad, cross-party consensus.- Could affect the ability to pass omnibus or multi-topic legislation, given the single-subject requirement for tax/fee measures.- Legal and practical questions about how line-item veto authority would interact with existing budgeting and appropriations processes, and how overrides would function in practice.
Generated by gpt-5-nano on Nov 18, 2025