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HR 722119th CongressIn Committee

Life at Conception Act

Introduced: Jan 24, 2025
Sponsor: Rep. Burlison, Eric [R-MO-7] (R-Missouri)
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

The Life at Conception Act (H.R. 722) would, in its introductory form, declare that the right to life guaranteed by the Constitution applies to every human being from the moment of fertilization, including preborn (unborn) life. It asserts Congress’s authority under the Constitution to enact laws implementing equal protection for the right to life of both born and preborn persons. Importantly, the bill adds a protection stating that nothing in the Act shall authorize prosecuting a woman for the death of her unborn child. The text defines “human person” as beginning at fertilization (or equivalent moment) and expands the constitutional definition of “State” for purposes of the 14th Amendment to include DC, Puerto Rico, and other territories. As introduced, the bill does not itself create specific criminal penalties or enforcement mechanisms; further legislation would be required to implement any concrete prohibitions or penalties.

Key Points

  • 1Establishes equal protection for the right to life of both born and preborn human beings, with life beginning at fertilization.
  • 2Defines “human person” and “human being” to include life from the moment of fertilization (and related moments like cloning).
  • 3Clarifies that “State” for purposes of the 14th Amendment includes DC, Puerto Rico, and U.S. territories.
  • 4States that nothing in the Act authorizes prosecuting a woman for the death of her unborn child.
  • 5Authorizes Congress to use its Article I and 14th Amendment Section 5 powers to make necessary and proper laws to implement this protection; however, no specific enforcement provisions or penalties are included in the text as introduced.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected- Unborn children (preborn humans) would be constitutionally protected from fertilization onward under the Act’s view of life beginning at conception.Secondary group/area affected- Medical professionals, abortion providers, and healthcare institutions could face new federal considerations or potential liability under future implementing legislation.- States and local governments, as well as the federal judiciary, would be involved in interpreting and applying any subsequent laws enacted to enforce the Act.Additional impacts- Significant constitutional and legal questions about how 14th Amendment equal protection would apply to unborn life, and what enforcement mechanisms would be necessary.- Potential tensions with existing abortion rights frameworks and privacy rights; would require further federal legislation to establish specific prohibitions, exemptions, and penalties.- Since the bill does not create penalties or enforcement steps, and explicitly protects the mother from prosecution, there is room for debate about who enforces the protections and how violations would be charged.- The Act’s broad definition of “State” could impact federal-state dynamics, especially in jurisdictions with abortion rights or restrictions, and could invite litigation over federal preemption and constitutional questions.
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