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S 597119th CongressIn Committee

Age 21 Act

Introduced: Feb 13, 2025
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

The Age 21 Act would raise the federal minimum age to buy (and in most cases possess) certain firearms and related ammunition to 21. Specifically, it would prohibit individuals under 21 from purchasing or possessing covered firearms, large-capacity ammunition feeding devices, and ammunition suitable only for use in handguns or semiautomatic assault weapons. The bill also expands the definitions of semiautomatic firearms (pistols, shotguns, and certain rifles) and sets out what counts as a “large capacity” magazine (more than 10 rounds, with limited exceptions). It adds a range of exemptions for temporary transfers (e.g., for employment, ranching/farming, hunting, or safe transfer with parental consent), for members of the armed forces in certain circumstances, and for inheritance or self-defense in the home. In short, the bill is designed to make it much harder for people under 21 to purchase or possess the firearms and related accessories that are most commonly restricted under current law, with a detailed framework for enforcement and limited exceptions.

Key Points

  • 1Prohibition on purchases and certain possessions by under-21s
  • 2- The bill makes it illegal for individuals under 21 to purchase or possess covered firearms, large-capacity magazines, or ammunition suitable only for use in handguns or semiautomatic assault weapons.
  • 3Expanded definitions of firearms and related components
  • 4- It adds detailed definitions for semiautomatic pistols, semiautomatic shotguns, semiautomatic assault weapons, large-capacity feeding devices, barrel shrouds, detachable/fixed magazines, stocks, forward grips, and other features that would classify a weapon or accessory as a “covered firearm” or “covered ammunition.”
  • 5Covered firearms and ammunition
  • 6- “Covered firearm” can include handguns, semiautomatic assault weapons, a large-capacity magazine, or ammunition designed for use only in a handgun or SAW. “Covered ammunition” means ammo for use in a handgun or semiautomatic assault weapon.
  • 7Provisions and exemptions
  • 8- While generally prohibiting under-21 purchases and possession, the bill provides limited exceptions for:
  • 9- Temporary transfers under specified conditions (employment, ranching/farming activities, hunting, safe and lawful use, with parental consent, transportation with certain safeguards, and compliance with state/local law).
  • 10- Members of the U.S. Armed Forces or National Guard in the line of duty.
  • 11- Inheritance transfers of title (not possession) to someone under 21.
  • 12- Possession in defense of a person or others against an intruder where the firearm is in a residence.
  • 13Enforcement and penalties (procedural changes)
  • 14- The bill would modify relevant sections of Chapter 44 (and related sections) to enforce the age-based restrictions, including how large-capacity magazines and covered ammunition are handled when the purchaser or possessor is under 21, and would update related penalty provisions accordingly.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected- Individuals under 21 who would otherwise be eligible to purchase or possess firearms or ammunition under current federal law.- Firearms dealers (FFLs) and their background-check processes, which would need to verify age and eligibility for any covered firearm, large-capacity magazine, or relevant ammunition.Secondary group/area affected- Law enforcement and the judiciary, which would enforce and interpret the new restrictions and exemptions.- Military families and service members, due to the specific exemptions for armed forces personnel.- Gun manufacturers and retailers, given the broadened definitions of what is restricted and the list-like scope of “assault weapon” features.Additional impacts- Potential shifts in state-federal coordination on gun-violence prevention, background checks, and transfer rules.- Possible legal debates or challenges related to the breadth of the weapon-feature definitions (e.g., the long list of models considered semiautomatic assault weapons) and the scope of exemptions.- Administrative burden on dealers to implement age-based prohibitions and on authorities to apply the exemptions correctly.Semiautomatic firearm: A gun that automatically loads the next round after each pull of the trigger but requires a separate trigger pull for each shot.Large-capacity magazine/feeding device: A magazine or device that can hold more than 10 rounds of ammunition.Covered firearm/covered ammunition: The set of firearms and ammunition the bill targets for the age restriction (essentially handguns, many semiautomatic rifles and shotguns with certain features, and large-capacity magazines or ammo for handguns/SAWs).Temporary transfer exceptions: Limited, time-bound allowances for certain activities (employment, farming, hunting, training) or with parental consent, intended to allow specific legitimate uses without violating the age restriction.
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