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S 644119th CongressIn Committee

Modernizing Retrospective Regulatory Review Act

Introduced: Feb 20, 2025
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

Modernizing Retrospective Regulatory Review Act would require federal agencies to embrace a more systematic, technology-enabled approach to reviewing existing regulations after they have been issued. The bill pushes the government to make regulations available in machine-readable formats, provides guidance on using technology (including AI) to identify regulations that are obsolete, burdensome, or otherwise flawed, and requires each agency to draft and implement a formal plan for retrospective reviews. The goal is to improve efficiency, accuracy, and transparency in how regulations are re-evaluated over time, with specific timelines and oversight by Congress. Key components include a government-wide push to publish regulations in machine-readable form, guidance on using technology to conduct retrospective reviews, and mandatory agency plans and implementation timelines to carry out these reviews and any ex-post analyses.

Key Points

  • 1Definitions and scope: Establishes key terms (e.g., machine-readable, retrospective review) and clarifies the roles of OMB’s Administrator (OIRA), the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, the Director of the GPO, the Archivist, and the relevant congressional committees for oversight.
  • 2Machine-readable regulation availability: Within 180 days of enactment, a report to Congress on how many regulations are available in machine-readable format and whether the eCFR (official CFR edition) is recognized as the official legal edition by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register and other authorities.
  • 3Guidance on using technology: Within 18 months, OMB’s Administrator must issue guidance to help agency heads use technology (including algorithmic tools and AI) to conduct retrospective reviews more efficiently and cost-effectively, and to train staff in using these technologies.
  • 4Agency retrospective review plan: Within 2 years, each agency head must submit a plan detailing how they will implement the guidance, identify regulations that must or would benefit from post-issuance review, and include any additional information or ex-post analyses the agency deems necessary.
  • 5Agency implementation timeline: Within 180 days after submitting the plan, each agency must implement the retrospective review strategy for its regulations, applying the guidance and identified review processes.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected: Federal agencies and the regulatory process itself. Agencies must adopt AI-enabled and other technologized methods for reviewing existing regulations, publish machine-readable regulations, and develop formal plans with ex-post analyses.Secondary group/area affected: Oversight bodies and the public. Congress (via the specified committees) will oversee progress; the public gains greater access to machine-readable regulations and transparency into how regulations are reviewed and updated.Additional impacts:- Administrative and operational shifts: Agencies will need to allocate resources to develop and implement retrospective review plans, train staff, and potentially modify regulatory programs based on review findings.- Data and accessibility: Emphasis on machine-readable formats and the eCFR as the official CFR edition could improve accessibility and data usability for researchers, businesses, and the public.- Technological considerations: Encourages use of AI and other technologies, which may raise concerns about governance, accuracy, bias, and the need for appropriate staff training and safeguards.Machine-readable: Data that can be processed by computers, not just viewed by humans (e.g., searchable, structured digital formats).Retrospective review: Evaluation of existing regulations after they have been issued to determine if they are obsolete, overly burdensome, ineffective, or in need of correction.Ex-post analysis: Evaluation conducted after a regulation has been in effect, to assess its actual impact and effectiveness.
Generated by gpt-5-nano on Nov 19, 2025