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HR 2337119th CongressIn Committee

PARENT Act of 2025

Introduced: Mar 25, 2025
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

The PARENT Act of 2025 would amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to narrow or redefine birthright citizenship. Specifically, it adds a new definition to determine who is “subject to the jurisdiction thereof” for purposes of birthright citizenship at birth. Under the bill, a child born in the United States would be considered a citizen at birth only if at the time of birth, the child’s parent is either a United States citizen or a lawful permanent resident (LPR). The act applies prospectively, affecting only births occurring after the date of enactment. In essence, it would limit automatic U.S. citizenship at birth to children of citizens or LPRs and would not confer birthright citizenship to children born to parents who are not citizens or LPRs after enactment.

Key Points

  • 1Purpose and scope: Amends 8 U.S.C. 1101 to clarify what “subject to the jurisdiction thereof” means for birthright citizenship, tying it to the parent’s status (citizen or LPR) at the time of birth.
  • 2New definition: Section 101(j) addition states that a person born in the United States is subject to the jurisdiction thereof only if the parent at the time of birth is a U.S. citizen or an alien who is a lawful permanent resident.
  • 3Effective date: The changes apply to births after the date of enactment; births prior to enactment are not affected.
  • 4Title and branding: Also known as the Prohibiting Automatic Rights to Enter National Territory Act of 2025 (PARENT Act of 2025).
  • 5Procedural notes: Referred to the Judiciary Committee; no accompanying funding language or enforcement mechanism is specified in the text provided.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected: Babies born in the United States after enactment to parents who are not U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents (e.g., undocumented immigrants, certain temporary workers, tourists, students, or other non-LPR visa holders). These births would no longer automatically confer U.S. citizenship at birth.Secondary group/area affected: Families and individuals currently relying on birthright citizenship for their children; potential changes to eligibility for benefits or programs tied to citizenship status; potential shifts in immigration status considerations for mixed-status families.Additional impacts: Potential constitutional and legal implications, given long-standing interpretations of birthright citizenship under the 14th Amendment. Could prompt litigation over whether Congress can redefine “subject to the jurisdiction thereof” and whether the change is retroactive or compatible with existing court rulings. Administrative and practical effects could include hospitals and government agencies needed to verify parent status at birth, raising concerns about privacy, implementation complexity, and accuracy.
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