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S 1246119th CongressIn Committee

FEMA Independence Act of 2025

Introduced: Apr 2, 2025
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

The FEMA Independence Act of 2025 proposes to remove FEMA from the Department of Homeland Security and establish it as a cabinet-level independent agency led by a Senate-confirmed Director who reports directly to the President. The Director would oversee all FEMA functions, including preparedness, protection, response, recovery, and mitigation for natural, human-caused, and other hazards. The bill would transfer the entire FEMA portfolio from DHS to the new Agency within one year, create a new leadership structure (Director, up to four Deputy Directors, and 10 regional offices), and mandage a consolidated National Response Plan and a national all-hazards emergency management system. It also alters how federal emergency management grants and related DHS offices are referenced in law, and requires a report within 90 days after the transition period describing recommended follow-up legislation. In short, the bill seeks to give FEMA independent cabinet-level status with direct presidential reporting, remove FEMA functions from DHS, and reshape emergency management leadership, planning, and grant administration around a unified all-hazards framework.

Key Points

  • 1Establishes FEMA as a cabinet-level independent agency headed by a Senate-confirmed Director who reports to the President, with the Director added to the Executive Schedule (pay scale) and no longer titled “Administrator.”
  • 2Transfers all FEMA functions from the Department of Homeland Security to the new Agency within 1 year, including the agency’s Inspector General functions, with a transition period and DHS support during handover.
  • 3Creates a formal leadership and regional structure: a Director, up to 4 Deputy Directors, and 10 Regional Offices each led by a Regional Director.
  • 4Requires development and implementation of a comprehensive all-hazards emergency management system, including a consolidated National Response Plan, enhanced emergency communication interoperability, and coordination across federal, state, local, and Tribal partners.
  • 5Reforms DHS-related laws and programs to reflect the new structure (including grants, reporting lines, and various conforming amendments) and mandates a report to Congress within 90 days after the transition describing recommended additional legislation.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected- Emergency management practitioners and agencies at the federal, state, local, and Tribal levels; emergency responders; and communities relying on FEMA programs for preparedness, response, and recovery.Secondary group/area affected- Department of Homeland Security, which would lose FEMA functions and related authorities; inspectors general and internal oversight within the new Agency; federal grant administration for emergency management.Additional impacts- Budget and appropriations workflow changes, personnel transfers with protections for many staff, and potential adjustments to interagency coordination during the transition. The legal and regulatory landscape would be reorganized to reflect FEMA’s new standalone status, with a follow-up legislative recommendations report due after the transition.
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