Protecting Communities and Preserving the Second Amendment Act of 2025

The Protecting Communities and Preserving the Second Amendment Act of 2025 is a broad gun-policy bill that aims to strengthen the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), tighten and clarify mental health-related disqualifications for firearm possession, expand federal enforcement against gun crimes, and modernize various firearm-related processes and commerce. The bill would reauthorize and add accountability to NICS funding, require more timely sharing of relevant federal records, create new and clarified definitions around mental health adjudications, and establish new or expanded federal enforcement programs (including targeted prosecutorial initiatives and task forces). It also makes a series of changes to firearm commerce rules and interstate transportation, and it requires a set of annual reports and studies to Congress. The text provided covers sections up to 17, with sections 18-19 listed but not included. In short, the bill is designed to increase background-check data, accelerate and expand federal prosecution of gun offenses, tighten some mental-health-related gun prohibitions while adding safeguards, and broadly modernize federal gun policy and enforcement mechanisms. It also imposes reporting and oversight requirements on federal agencies and state compliance as a condition of federal funding.