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S 2079119th CongressIn Committee

Enhanced Penalties for Criminal Flag Burners Act

Introduced: Jun 12, 2025
Civil Rights & Justice
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

This bill, titled the Enhanced Penalties for Criminal Flag Burners Act, would add a new provision to federal law that increases punishment when someone uses an open flame or an incendiary device during the commission of a federal offense that involves property damage, obstructing government operations, or endangering the public. The new penalty would be at least one additional year in prison, on top of any other penalties, and would specifically include burning the U.S. flag as an incendiary act. The bill also clarifies that the enhanced penalties do not apply to conduct protected by the First Amendment. It creates the new section in Title 18 of the U.S. Code (Chapter 1) and amends the table of sections accordingly. Findings accompanying the bill emphasize public safety concerns and view flag burning in the context of federal crimes as an aggravating factor.

Key Points

  • 1Enhanced penalties: If a person knowingly uses or causes the use of an open flame or incendiary device during the commission of a federal offense involving property damage, obstruction of government operations, or public endangerment, they face an enhanced term of imprisonment of not less than 1 year, in addition to any other penalties.
  • 2Broad definition of incendiary device: The term covers any flammable object, accelerant, fire-starting mechanism, or other device intended to ignite fire, whether improvised or commercially manufactured, and explicitly includes burning the U.S. flag.
  • 3Scope tied to specific offenses: The enhanced penalty applies only “in the course of committing” a federal offense that involves property damage, obstruction of government operations, or public endangerment.
  • 4First Amendment caveat: The provision explicitly does not apply to conduct protected by the First Amendment, including symbolic expressive conduct not involving criminal acts or threats to public safety.
  • 5Legislative changes: The bill would codify this new penalty as Section 28 of Title 18, U.S.C., and would insert the new section at the end of Chapter 1, with a clerical amendment to reflect the new section in the table of sections.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected: Individuals committing federal offenses that involve property damage, obstruction of government operations, or public endangerment, when they knowingly use or cause an open flame or incendiary device (including flag burning).Secondary group/area affected: Federal prosecutors and law enforcement handling cases with incendiary devices during federal offenses; victims of federal crimes involving property damage or public danger; federal properties and facilities at risk during such offenses.Additional impacts: Potential constitutional considerations around free speech and protest, given the First Amendment carve-out; possible deterrence effect on certain acts during protests that escalate to property damage or safety threats; increased penalties could influence charging decisions and case outcomes in relevant federal cases.
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