Extreme Risk Protection Order Expansion Act of 2025
The Extreme Risk Protection Order Expansion Act of 2025 would expand and standardize how extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs) are used across states, Tribes, and local jurisdictions. It creates a federal grant program to help States, Indian Tribes, and local entities enact ERPO laws that meet specific core requirements (petition process, notice, hearings, ex parte options, firearm removal, storage, and periodic review). It also broadens federal firearms prohibitions to include individuals subject to ERPOs, requires ERPOs to be entered into national records (NICS), and ensures full faith and credit across states and Tribal jurisdictions. In addition, the bill requires training for law enforcement and court personnel, annual reporting on ERPO activity and outcomes, and includes tribal-specific authorities and protections. The package is designed to promote safer communities by enabling timely firearm removal when there is a demonstrated risk, while integrating ERPOs into federal gun-safety and records systems and extending cross-state recognition.
Key Points
- 1Establishes a national Extreme Risk Protection Order Grant Program to assist States, Indian Tribes, units of local government, and eligible organizations in enacting and implementing ERPO laws, including funding for training, protocols, and public awareness. Eligible entities must meet criteria and allocate a significant portion of funds (at least 25% and up to 70%) to training law enforcement on ERPO use and related practices.
- 2Defines a robust ERPO framework that states or tribes may enact, including: petitions by a petitioner (often a law enforcement officer) with factual justification under oath; notice and due process for the respondent; hearings within 30 days; issuance of ERPO if a court finds a danger to self or others; ability to issue ex parte orders with immediate effect under probable cause; and provisions for duration, renewal, termination, and storage of removed firearms (including safety and due-process protections).
- 3Expands federal firearms prohibitions to include persons subject to an ERPO. Amendments to 18 U.S.C. 922(d) and 922(g) add prohibitions on possession or receipt of firearms for individuals subject to an ERPO, with the ERPO meeting certain notice and danger-determination requirements.
- 4Integrates ERPOs with federal and state records systems. Requires creation and sharing of ERPO records with federal, Tribal, and state agencies, and inclusion of ERPOs in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Establishes notification duties for courts and agencies and ensures timely database updates (not later than 30 days after notification).
- 5Establishes full faith and credit for ERPOs across states and Tribes. ERPOs issued under this Act or enacted state/Tribal laws must be recognized and enforced by courts and law enforcement in other states/Tribes, with special recognition of Tribal court authority to issue and enforce ERPOs in Indian country.