One Big Beautiful Bill Act
This document is a comprehensive budget reconciliation bill—One Big Beautiful Bill Act—intended to be enacted through a reconciliation process (pursuant to a concurrent resolution). It bundles a wide range of policy changes across numerous policy areas, organized by committees, with major emphasis on nutrition and agriculture (SNAP and farm programs), energy and environment, health care, tax policy, and national security/military and other matters. Key themes include restructuring SNAP (food assistance) rules and benefits, substantive changes to farm subsidy programs (reference prices, base acres, and related supports), broad tax relief for middle-class families (with many credits and deductions extended or made permanent), and a shift in energy policy that both terminates many climate/green subsidies and preserves or adds targeted energy provisions under an “America-first” framework. The bill also includes various disaster, crop insurance, and rural investments provisions, plus sizeable funding and policy items for defense, border security, and health programs. Because this is an introduced, multi-title bill, many specific provisions are complex and technical. The high-level impact is intended to shift how SNAP benefits are calculated and delivered, update farm-policy payments, reorient climate/energy subsidies, extend and stabilize several personal and business tax provisions, and adjust health care and other federal programs, all within a reconciliation vehicle that can advance with a simple majority in the Senate.
Key Points
- 1SNAP and nutrition reform
- 2- Re-evaluation of the Thrifty Food Plan to set uniform household allotments based on a standardized plan, with explicit household-size adjustments and periodic cost indexing.
- 3- Modifications to SNAP work requirements for able-bodied adults (with several exemptions, new noncontiguous-state considerations, and a potential waiver framework through 2028).
- 4- Adjustments to standard utility allowances and energy assistance interactions, plus restrictions on internet-related service fees used in calculating shelter costs.
- 5- New cost-sharing and administrative rules for states, including a State quality-control incentive tied to payment error rates and staged federal-state cost shares starting in fiscal year 2028.
- 6- Several changes to alien SNAP eligibility and related rules.
- 7Agriculture and farm policy
- 8- Changes to base program parameters, including an effective reference price increase for covered commodities (starting 2025) and a plan for increasing base acres by up to 30 million (with opt-out rights for owners).
- 9- Revisions to price-based and revenue-based supports (Price Loss Coverage and Agriculture Risk Coverage), payment limitations, income eligibility, marketing loans, and other farm-support tools.
- 10- Updates to dairy, sugar, and other commodity programs, plus disaster assistance and crop insurance provisions.
- 11- Emphasis on targeted support and equitable treatment within farm programs, with compliance and integrity measures.
- 12Energy, environment, and climate policy
- 13- Termination or restriction of a broad set of “Green New Deal” subsidies and related programs (various clean energy, vehicle, and climate programs).
- 14- Repeals or rescissions of several climate and clean-energy funds and related programs.
- 15- Simultaneous provisions under a separate Energy/“America-first” framework that extend or modify certain energy credits and investments, and address energy stability and production in ways intended to prioritize domestic energy.
- 16- Transfers and rescissions affecting environmental programs and federal energy initiatives.
- 17Tax policy and fiscal framework
- 18- A large block titled “Providing Permanent Tax Relief for Middle-class Families and Workers,” with extensions and enhancements to a broad suite of individual and family tax provisions (standard deduction, child tax credit, qualified business income deduction, estate/gift exemptions, etc.).
- 19- Permanent or long-term reforms intended to support business investment (full expensing, R&D expensing, certain depreciation provisions, and related international tax reforms).
- 20- Investments aimed at families, students, communities, and small businesses (opportunity zones, housing credits, 529/educational provisions, and related credits and deductions).
- 21- A significant portion of the package addresses health-related tax provisions and enforcement, plus adjustments to the structure of certain credits and compliance measures.
- 22Health, Medicare/Medicaid, and related programs
- 23- Provisions to strengthen eligibility controls, reduce waste and fraud, adjust enrollment and reporting rules, and improve program integrity in Medicaid and other health programs.
- 24- Measures related to Medicare and health coverage options, including potential temporary adjustments to physician pay and drug-price negotiation considerations.
- 25- Various health-related financing and reform measures, including rural health initiatives and cost-control mechanisms.
- 26Other major areas
- 27- National debt and deficit management, including a subtitle proposing an increase to the debt limit.
- 28- Homeland security, border security, and related government funding provisions.
- 29- Immigration-related fees and funding for immigration enforcement and related judicial and agency operations.