HR 5050119th CongressIn Committee

Safety and Opportunity for Girls Act of 2025

Introduced: Aug 26, 2025

Sponsor: Rep. Miller, Mary E. [R-IL-15] (R-Illinois)

Civil Rights & Justice

Standard Summary

Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

The Safety and Opportunity for Girls Act of 2025 would amend Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 by adding explicit biological definitions for female and male, defining sex as the biological sexes, and defining sex-segregated as spaces or programs separated by sex. Crucially, the bill provides that nothing in Title IX may be construed to require or pressure educational institutions to eliminate sex-segregated spaces (such as bathrooms and locker rooms) or to eliminate sex-segregated athletic or academic programs as a condition of receiving Title IX funding. In short, the bill aims to preserve sex-segregated facilities and programs and limit federal actions that would push institutions to remove them.

Key Points

1Short title: The bill is titled the “Safety and Opportunity for Girls Act of 2025.”
2New definitions added to Title IX (Section 901):
3- Female: biologically defined as an individual who naturally has or would have a reproductive system producing eggs.
4- Male: biologically defined as an individual who naturally has or would have a reproductive system producing sperm.
5- Sex: refers to either male or female, biologically determined.
6- Sex-segregated: spaces or programs limited to or separated by sex.
7Protections for sex-segregated spaces and programs: The bill states that nothing in Title IX may be construed to prohibit or allow the Secretary to prohibit, or to condition funding on, removing sex-segregated spaces (including bathrooms and locker rooms) or sex-segregated athletic or academic programs.
8Scope: Applies to educational institutions receiving funding under Title IX; the Secretary of Education’s enforcement or funding decisions could not be conditioned on eliminating sex-segregated spaces or programs.
9Intent: To clarify that sex-based classifications and facilities can be maintained under Title IX and to limit federal pressure to remove them.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected- Female students and individuals who would be categorized as “female” under the bill’s biological definitions, along with any populations using or governed by sex-segregated spaces and programs (e.g., bathrooms, locker rooms, and women’s/ girls’ athletic and academic programs).Secondary group/area affected- Educational institutions that receive Title IX funding and must comply with federal requirements; school administrators and athletics/academic program planners who implement space and program policies.Additional impacts- Federal funding policy: The Secretary of Education would not be allowed to condition Title IX funding on eliminating sex-segregated spaces or programs.- Policy and legal debates: The bill could influence debates over transgender students’ access to facilities and participation in sex-segregated programs, given its biological definitions and emphasis on maintaining sex-segregated spaces.- Operational considerations: Schools may face increased clarity on how to interpret Title IX in relation to facilities and programs, potentially affecting facility use policies and athletics governance.

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