The SAFES Act creates a new refundable tax credit (Section 36C of the Internal Revenue Code) for individuals who buy gun safes. The credit covers 90% of the cost of qualifying safes purchased in a tax year, but is limited by a cap: up to $500 for individuals or $1,000 for joint filers, reduced by any credits claimed in the prior six years. For tax years beginning before 1/1/2031, the credit applies to any gun safe; for years beginning after 12/31/2030, the safe must be of a type the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines (in a publicly released report) to be highly effective at preventing unauthorized access. The bill also prohibits requiring taxpayers to disclose information about firearms as a condition of receiving the credit and mandates that safes be new (not used). The credit applies to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. Additionally, the bill requires a future HHS report (within five years of enactment) identifying which gun safes are most effective.