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HR 5214119th CongressIntroduced

District of Columbia Cash Bail Reform Act of 2025

Introduced: Sep 8, 2025
Sponsor: Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21] (R-New York)
Civil Rights & Justice
Standard Summary
Comprehensive overview in 1-2 paragraphs

The District of Columbia Cash Bail Reform Act of 2025 would overhaul how pretrial and post-conviction detention and release are handled for certain offenses in the District. The bill requires mandatory pretrial detention for crimes of violence and dangerous crimes (as defined in the bill), and it additionally requires mandatory post-conviction detention for those same offenses. It also expands the definitions of crimes of violence and dangerous crimes to include more serious forms of burglary and robbery (e.g., first-degree burglary/robbery and burglary or robbery with a dangerous weapon). Separately, the bill creates a strong cash-bail regime for “public safety or order” offenses, requiring secured appearance bonds for releases in those cases. The measure would apply to offenses charged more than 30 days after enactment. In short, if enacted, the bill would tighten detention and bail rules in the District, shifting more cases toward pretrial and post-conviction confinement for violent and dangerous crimes, while mandating secured (cash or collateral) bonds for a defined set of public-safety or order offenses.

Key Points

  • 1Mandatory pretrial detention for crimes of violence or dangerous crimes: Judicial officers must order detention before trial for individuals charged with these offenses, rather than allowing release on certain conditions.
  • 2Mandatory post-conviction detention for crimes of violence or dangerous crimes: Individuals convicted of these offenses would be subject to detention after conviction under the bill.
  • 3Expanded definitions of crimes of violence and dangerous crimes: The bill adds first-degree burglary, first-degree attempted burglary, burglary with a dangerous weapon, first-degree robbery, first-degree attempted robbery, and robbery with a dangerous weapon to the list of when a crime is considered a “crime of violence” or a “dangerous crime.”
  • 4Removal of murder offenses from pretrial release procedures and related changes: Murder offenses would be treated differently under the pretrial release framework, with certain changes to presumptions and release conditions for other offenses.
  • 5Mandatory cash/secured appearance bond for public safety or order offenses: For offenses defined as “public safety or order crimes,” defendants would be released only on a secured appearance bond (cash or property-based collateral or surety bond). The bill also defines and expands “secured appearance bond” and outlines how bonds can be enforced or revoked, including potential involvement of the surety to arrest and return the individual to custody if release is revoked.
  • 6Applicability: The new rules would apply to offenses charged on or after 30 days after enactment, giving the DC court system time to adjust.

Impact Areas

Primary group/area affected- Defendants charged with crimes of violence or dangerous crimes (as defined by the bill) in the District of Columbia, who would face mandatory pretrial detention and post-conviction detention.- Individuals charged with “public safety or order” offenses who would be subject to secured appearance bonds.Secondary group/area affected- The District of Columbia court system and the U.S. Marshals Service (and related law enforcement agencies) due to the shift toward detention and the enforcement of secured bonds.- Prosecutors and defense attorneys who would need to navigate the new mandatory detention regimes, the expanded offense definitions, and the secured bond process.Additional impacts- Bail-bond industry and sureties, as the bill introduces secured appearance bonds and grants new authority for sureties to arrest released individuals and potentially be released from liability.- Jail and detention facility operations, potential changes in population due to mandatory detention provisions.- Civil liberties and public safety considerations, including debates over due process, the risk of over-detaining individuals, and the balance between public safety and individual rights.- Administrative and budgeting pressures on DC agencies to implement new detention and bond procedures.Pretrial detention: Holding a person in jail while they await trial.Post-conviction detention: Holding a person after a conviction, pending sentencing or further proceedings.Secured appearance bond: A bond that requires posting of property or money (collateral) or a bail bond with sureties to secure the defendant’s appearance in court.Surety: A person or entity that promises to fulfill the bond obligations if the defendant fails to appear.Crimes of violence and dangerous crimes: In this bill, these terms are defined with specific DC code revisions and expanded to include enhanced burglary/robbery offenses and weapons involvement.
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